Water

Water connects the systems we work on — droughts and floods reshape energy production, agricultural output, and human health on different timescales. We use observations and models to quantify how a warming climate changes the frequency and severity of these events, how water markets and infrastructure respond, and where water scarcity will most constrain decarbonization (thermal-power siting, hydropower, irrigation). The recurring question is which adaptation strategies preserve flexibility under climates we cannot yet predict in detail.